My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor Essay

My aim is to produce a nisus follower zombie with a bump sensorwhich can reverse if it goes out course. inquiry Line follower robots are most commonly produced totake part in competitions. The purpose of the eminence follower robot isto follow a line. The robot will only follow a line that is glumagainst a white background or a white line against a black background.This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in strike and so the robot can trace and follow the line. From my researchI have decided to use infrared LED emitters (phototransistors). Theyare fairly cheap but work relatively salutary.To research into the project I was dismission to make I looked on theinternet to find other examples of the line follower robots. I foundmany different variations and concentrated on the components used. Ilooked into books and gathered information on how to assemble thecircuit on the breadboard and researched on how the components work.I have researched on the type of a mplifiers I could use for the linefollower. I will use an amplifier to increase the current as I amusing low voltage. I looked on the Maplins website (www.maplins.co.uk)and decided to use the LM386 because it is adapted for low voltageapplications and it is relatively cheap.Specification * The robot has to be able to follow straight lines, curves and turn around corners* It has to follow a black line that is against a white background* It must work using one 9V outpouring* The robot must be able to reverse from any hindrance it hits* It should be able to function on its own (No help needed to guide it)* It should be small and light, easy to move and pick up if veered off course.* Should present what direction it will turnGeneration of possible solutionsI could use 2 light dependant resistors to detect the difference inlight reflected from the line. It would react quite slowlyI could use two phototransistors which emit infrared beams onto theline. When less light is detected o n the phototransistors there isless exemption thus allowing the motors to move.Sub-system developmentMy circuit had two designs combined. First is the line follower, whichdetects light and moves according to the line, and the other part is abump sensor which when it stumbles across an obstacle it reverses,this is ... ...llowed the light. I also used an ammeter to check the currentpassing through the circuit. This confirmed that my circuit wasworking correctly. When I covered the phototransistors the there wasaround 0.4 A passing through. However, when I applied light onto thephototransistors (using an ordinary LED) I noticed that the reading onthe ammeter was 8.6 A. this proves my theory that covering thephototransistors, it increases the resistance.Evaluation My circuit works well and follows my specification.The motors move forward when light is placed and it and slow down whenno light is present on the phototransistors.* Robot has the ability to move in s straight line, around curves and turn corners.* With the photo transistors it can follow a black line against a white background.* It works using a 9V battery* It has a relay which reverses the direction of the motors turning so it can move away from obstacles* It doesnt require anyone to move it or guide it using a remote control.* It is light and easy to move so when it goes of course I am able to put it back on the line* Has two LEDs which indicate what direction it is turning