Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Art Philosophy - Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art Philosophy - Plato - Essay Example In short, Plato argues the fact that a proper speech, or rhetorical work of literature, must necessarily work together as a creature and is body parts all work together. Plato discusses this as the head of the creature leading into the body which is been supported by a series of appendages. Although this is necessarily a reduction with regards to the way in which a proper outline should help to support core arguments that the author seeks to make, it is nonetheless a useful way of helping to provide a metaphor with regards to the entire writing process. Although many writers seeking merely right from the top of their head without any clear indication of where their work is going or how they assume it should include, Plato is obviously of the mindset that a work of literature and/or speechmaking must rely upon the core fundamentals of the outlining approach that the illustrates and discusses. This should not be seen as odd due to the fact that none of Plato’s works, or the work s of his contemporaries, were done in haste. Rather, they were thoughtfully analyzed, put together within an effective shell and presented to the viewing/listening/reading audience. Within such a way, seeking to abide by the very same rules of conduct and approach that Plato specified has a definitive level of benefit for the writer or artist within the current era. Although the outlining process may seem as something of a laborious one that is not necessitated by an accomplished writer, the mere fact that Plato himself referenced the outlining process as something of such a great importance helps to underscore the fact that even a writer of the highest order and/or one that is most certainly a genius is still not good enough to compose any of their arguments and/or works off the top of their head. 2. Plato's view on writing is related to his views on art, especially literature. Discuss Plato's views on art, and also mention the dialogue in which these views are discussed. Although the preceding analysis might be viewed as somewhat formulaic, it should not be understood that Plato’s view on writing is ultimately related to a step-by-step recipe of how such a process should be affected. Whereas it is oftentimes understood that the mastery of any subject or art can effectively be accomplished merely by following something of a recipe for success, the fact of the matter is that many exhibitions of human knowledge are more of an art form than they are merely the combination of a certain recipe of component facts and information. In this way, Plato’s â€Å"Phaedrus† illustrates the way in which Plato had an alternative view with regards to the process of writing and how he expected the divination of art as a simple step-by-step process through which the individual merely followed rote memorization in order to achieve a given function. In this way, Plato advocates rather than following something of a script to achieve effective dialogue, it is n ecessary to appreciate core tenets of what it means to be human. These, according to Plato, include the following: an understanding of madness, divine inspiration, and the practice and mastery of art. Although this may seem as a nebulous answer to the question above, the fact of the matter is that rather than championing a formulaic approach, Plato

Monday, October 28, 2019

People and animals Essay Example for Free

People and animals Essay Your role is to find a minimum of three connections between the reading and the world at large. This means connecting the reading to your own life, to happenings in the local and/or global community, to similar events at other times and places, to other people or problems which you are reminded. You might also see connections between this portion of the novel to other parts of it; other writings on the same topic, or similar issues being raised in other classes. Realize that whatever the reading connects you with is worth sharing. PLEASE TYPE YOUR RESPONSES. There are many connections to be made between Crichton’s Jurassic Park and life today. Michael Crichton is not exactly a scientific writer, but he uses real science to back up everything about his novels. He extrapolates the concepts, much as other science fiction writers do. The first example are the sentences â€Å"They are not free at all. They are essentially our prisoners. Unable to survive in real world† (Crichton). This reminds me of animals at a zoo or even the idea of cloning. Natural reproduction in animals is one thing, but making animals for only our purposes is questionable. I realize people breed dogs and other animals to sell, but large scale cloning becomes a little scary. In fact, there are some people now who believe in more rights for animals. These people would be very unhappy with a theme park that clones animals. They are already extremely unhappy with people who keep animals for pets. The next part that reminds me of something else is all the reliance on fences. The people who built Jurassic Park believe the fences will protect them. In the poem â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost says that before he built a fence, he would want to know what he is walling in or out. The same is true for this novel. First of all, the fence gives the characters a false sense of security. They believe the fence will protect them from the dinosaurs when, in reality, the dinosaurs can escape. However, in walling the dinosaurs out so heavily, they are also walling themselves in. It will be much harder for them to get away if anything would happen. I think we rely on all kinds of fences to give us a false sense of security. I think about gated communities. People buy expensive homes in gated communities to keep â€Å"undesirables† out, but really, it is not hard to leap a fence. If people want your wealth badly enough, they will go over the fence. The Mexican American border is another example. We believe that if we can staff the fence enough with la migra, we can protect ourselves from illegal immigration. The fact is that there is not enough fence to keep the United States from gaining thousands of illegal immigrants each year. Mexico is poverty, and the United States is wealth. Those fences won’t protect us at all. The whole concept of being able to visit a dinosaur park makes me think of eco-tourism and how popular it has become. We all want to get glimpses of true nature. We are willing to make our own land into parking lots, but we will travel to exotic places to see nature unspoiled. Unspoiled nature is not meant for tourists. Before long, garbage and refuse will be left in the rainforests or wherever and destroy the delicate balance of life there. Dinosaurs went extinct for a reason. Maybe we don’t know what the reason is, but they should not be brought back for our amusement. We should not travel to other countries to see animal life and primitive people. It is disrespectful. The last sentence to discuss is â€Å"The history of evolution is that life escapes all barriers† (Crichton). This is what we always forget in creating new things. Once we give something â€Å"life,† anything can happen. People and animals are not meant to be controlled and will always surprise us. The fact that the dinosaurs are breeding should not surprise anyone, but it does. The scientists actually believe that they can create an artificial environment that they can control. But adaptation is always in the works.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Orestes An Innocent Hero Essay -- essays research papers

Orestes: An Innocent Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout time there has been a universal question that does not yet yield a universal answer. All people have a different view on whether or not it is right to avenge the killing of another, through the death of the killers. In America during this day and age, it is the obligation of the court system to decide whether or not a murderer should be put to death. Most of the time, the criminal is sentenced to a prison term, but when a judge decides to issue the death penalty there is usually an uproar among the people. Does the court now become a murderer along with the convicted felon or is the court an innocent body. Is it a hero who is looked upon as the hand of justice or just another bad guy? In the trilogy of “The Oresteia,'; we come across a similar situation. When his jealous wife Clytaemnestra and his cousin Aegisthus kill Agamemnon, the king of Argos, it is up to his long lost son Orestes, to avenge his death. To the people of Argos and the house of Atreus, Orestes was an innocent hero in yet another chess game played by the gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deep into the first story of “The Oresteia,'; better known as “Agamemnon,'; Cassandra, who has been cursed by Apollo to be a seer who will never be believed, envisions the death of Agamemnon and herself. It is in this vision that she sees an avenger who will come about and bring justice to the murdered victims, “ We will die, but not without some honor from the gods. There will come another to avenge us, born to kill his mother, born his father’s champion. The gods have sworn a monumental oath: as his father lies upon the ground he draws him home with power like a prayer.'; ( Aeschylus. The Oresteia U.S.A.: Penguin, 1975.) This vision proves to be very important when speaking about the innocence of Orestes and his heroism as well. Before the incident even takes place, we know that the gods have destined Orestes to avenge his father’s death. During this period of time, when the gods were on your side, you were doing the right thing! An other way to prove Orestes innocence is through the god of sun, song, and prophecy, better known as Apollo. Early on in “The Libation Bearers'; Orestes puts his faith in Apollo. He declares: “Apollo will never fail me, no, his... ...it brings Orestes home.'; (Aeschylus, 172)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we move on in “The Libation Bearers';, Electra, like the leader and his chorus, also looks to Orestes as a savior or hero. As she sits at the grave of her father Agamemnon, Electra prays to Hermes, god of the dead. She prays for “the one, who murders in return!'; (Aeschylus, 182) Later on in her prayers she says, “ Rekindle the light that saves our house!'; (Aeschylus, 183) and “Raise up your avenger, into the light, my father – kill the killers in return with justice.'; (Aeschylus, 183) All of these prayerful statements refer to one; Orestes. As the trilogy comes to a climax, Orestes finally acts out his revenge and it is not until the end of his trial that his destiny is fulfilled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of the trilogy, the jury was split fifty fifty, and in another proof of innocence the tie breaking lot thrown by Athena was in favor of Orestes. He was officially proven innocent. Once more in Greek mythology, human beings were used as pawns in a godly game of chess; but at least this is one of those times when an innocent hero emerged.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Neoclassicism vs Romanticism

Neoclassicism & Romanticism (17809181 Neoclassicism, sass: Neoclassical pieces generally portrayed Roman history; they elevated Roman heroes. During the sass was an Age of Reason and through its history paintings, its works were modes for conveying the Enlightenment ideals. Many of the pieces, like the Oath of the Horntail, are reactions to the revolutions of their time. This piece is a call to arms, which shows that man is great and can be in control.Pieces during the Neoclassical time show a heightened contemplative moment like the one in this piece. Characteristics: -brought back and depicted Roman history formal composition -the use of diagonals shows the apex of emotion/moment (versus a regular moment) – local color -overall lighting -classic ego-structure -completed canvas Romanticism, sass-sass: Unlike Neoclassicism, Romanticism was during the Age of Passion; there was no time for contemplation, so pieces generally showed emotional extremes.Romanticism is a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces. Romanticism celebrated the elemental forces of nature, depicting nature as out of control. When the uncontrollable nature is compared to life, it makes people think life should be uncontrollable; life should be continuously on the edge. Shows the height of action -emotional extremes -celebrated nature as out of control -dramatic compositions -heightened sensation (life and death moments) Works: Neoclassicism in France: Ad ©l ¤did Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785 Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785 Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785 Romanticism: Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804 Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814 Ad ©l ¤did Labile-Guard, Self-portrait with Two Pupils, 1785, Oil on Canvas pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures and a light-hearted mood – French portrait pai nting before the French Revolution of 1789, like this piece, may be characterized as a modified form of Rococo; elegant informality continued to be featured, but new themes were introduced, figures tended to be larger and more robust and compositional arrangements were more stable -Labile-Guard was elected to one of the four places in the French Academy available to women and later successfully petitioned to end the restriction on women -this work is often seen as a orphanage piece that argues for the place of women in the Academy -the monumental image of the artist at her easel was meant to eradicate any rumors that men painted her works and the works of other female artists; for example, in a role reversal, the only male in her work is her muse – her father, whose bust is behind her -the self-portrait flatters the painter's conventional feminine charms in a manner generally consistent with the Rococo tradition; she has a more monumental female type, in keeping with her conc eption of women as important contributors to national fife, which is an Enlightenment aspiration; the triangular arrangement of the figures adds to this effect -the work also shows a rich palette and fine detail -the artist's fashionable dress asserts her femininity; the presence of her pupils and the statue of the Vestal Virgin in the background emphasize the feminist mood (and show that women can and should be teachers) – in ancient Rome, the Vestal virgins were the holy priestesses of Vests, the goddess of the hearth; their primary task was to maintain the sacred fire of Vests – the Vestal duty brought great honor and afforded greater privileges to women who served in that role Jacques Louis-David, Oath of the Horntail, 1784-1785, Oil on Canvas -royal commission -reflects the taste and values of Louis XVI who was sympathetic to the Enlightenment -following Doter's lead, the king believed art should improve public morals -the painting was inspired by the seventeenth century drama Horace – Roman history = Rome v.Alba (sons of Horace fight for Rome) -in the painting, the Horntail (three sons of Horace) are shown with their father, pledging an oath to the State -in contrast to the upright muscular angularity of the men is a group of limp weeping women and righted children – sad due to probability of death, but also because of the women's involvement with the enemy (through marriage, etc) women = weak -the composition effectively contrasts the men's stoic willingness to sacrifice themselves for the State with the women's emotional commitment to family ties -composition is a classical pyramid (geometric/structural – divided into three compartments) -David wants the revolution – call to arms -painting extols antique virtues of stoicism -vanishing point at the sword – symbolic -goes back to Roman history with morality tales everything adds up to the â€Å"thesis† – standing up for your beliefs (moral co urage) – women = the counterargument; looking for a Just government -during the Age of Reason, the world could be known through study and a painter could paint a rational painting that could change the world -areas of local color draw the viewer across the canvas Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures, 1785, Oil on Canvas -for an English patron -Neoclassical history painting, subjects drawn from classical antiquity (Age of Reason, contemplation) -the story takes place in the second century BCC, during theRepublican era of Rome (Roman history) -a woman visitor has been showing Cornelia her Jewels and then requests to see those of her hostess; Cornelia turns to her sons and says that these are her most precious Jewels -Cornelia exemplifies the â€Å"good mother† (popular subject in late eighteenth century) -in the reforming spirit of the Enlightenment – depicted subjects that would teach lessons in virtue (didactic paintings) -the v alue of Carnelian's maternal education is emphasized by the fact that under her loving care the sons grew up to be political reformers -setting = simple like the message), but the effect of the whole is softened by the warm, subdued lighting and by the tranquil grace of the leading characters Antoine-Jean Gross, Napoleon in the Plague House at Gaff, 1804, Oil on Canvas – chronicled Napoleon's military campaigns -added Romantic elements: dramatic lighting, emotionally stimulating elements, main action is meant to incite veneration, not republican virtue – at the center of a small group of soldiers and a doctor, Napoleon calmly reaches toward the sores of one of the victims, the image of a Christ-like figure healing the sick with his touch, unconsciously intended to promote him as semi-divine (Gross paints the gore = Romantic) -idealized account of an actual incident: During Napoleon's campaign against the Turks in 1799, bubonic plague broke out among his troops.Napoleon decided to quiet the fears of the healthy by visiting the sick and dying, who were housed in a converted mosque -shallow stage and a series of arcades behind the main actors are inspired by Davit's Oath of the Horntail Jean-Augusta Dominique Ingress, Large Odalisque, 1814, Oil on Canvas -odalisque: a female slave or concubine in a sultan's harem (sexual fantasy – repressed) -body urine away from the master's gaze makes her erotic and aloof -the cool blues of the couch and the curtain at the right heighten the effect of the woman's warm skin, while the tight angularity of the crumpled sheets accentuates the languid, sensual contours of her form -fluid line/elegant postures = Neoclassical -Romantic themes = odalisque in a highly personal fashion, her body is not anatomically correct, but is aesthetically pleasing -fascination with the exotic – exploration – French discover exotic near East during Napoleon's campaigns – commissioned by the Queen of Naples - concerned with the line, not remaining true to form

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Rei Sustainability Case

To: Council of Executive Vice Presidents Date: 1th of November, 2012 From: Anders F? dder Subject: Evaluation of REI’s sustainability goals I am writing in response to your inquiry regarding the plausibility of maintaining the continuous growth of the company as well as satisfying its sustainability goals. The following sections will address the three issues, mentioned by top management, by first describing them, then interpreting them and lastly they will be evaluated.Conclusion and recommendations will be based on this. REI focus greatly on the impact that their business has on the environment. They continuously work on finding new and innovative solution that will help reduce these negative effects. Their corporate mission emphasises this commitment: â€Å"At REI, we inspire, educate and outfit for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship† REI’s stewardship priorities: * Encourage the active conservation of nature Inspire the responsible use and enjoyme nt of the outdoors * Enhance the natural world and our communities through responsible business practices * Foster opportunities to increase participation in human-powered outdoor recreation * Maintain REI as an employer of choice, where employees are highly engaged in the vision of the company and are representative of our communities The CEO, Kevin Hagen, also stated that these financial and environmental goals and aspiration must be met without sacrificing either. Hagen advocated shifting to a framework of â€Å"no tradeoffs† thus making a paradigm shift; Innovation over compromise.Issue 1 First issue is whether the company’s stated sustainability goals and aspirations are consistent with its corporate mission and its stated stewardship objectives that are listed above. REI sustainability goals focus on three areas; energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint) and reduction of waster to landfills. The company plans to add water, toxics, land use an d social impact to this list in near future. Each of these areas has an aspiration for 2020, a goal for 2015 and a budget for the current year. Energy consumptionREI has taken different initiatives to increase their energy efficiency by switching to new renewable power sources wherever possible. They mission is to keep their energy consumption at a fixed level despite opening new stores. One the ways they do this is by investing in self-generation options such as solar technology. Their ways of managing their energy use and increasing efficiency include: * Solar technology in many of our stores * Lighting: * Elimination of all incandescent bulbs from our retail stores * Installation of highly energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures * Greater reliance on skylights and natural lighting Heating & cooling (HVAC): * Aggressive retrofitting and replacement of outdated HVAC equipment with sophisticated new models * Centralized monitoring * Energy-saving techniques such as on-demand ventilation and airflow * Measurement of our stores' energy efficiency against similar buildings nationwide with the ENERGY STAR benchmarking tool Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) The aspiration for 2020 concerning GHG was to be climate neutral. Their goal for 2015 was to cut GHG by 50 percent compared to 2010 emissions. The budget for each year was a specific target in tons of CO2 that was defined by the 2015 goal.REI looked at many aspects of their business in order to reach this goal. These were not limited by their own specific action within REI. They look beyond themselves and try to change the way their employees and suppliers act to. The list include: employee commuting and travel, travel by customers participating in REI Adventures programs from their homes to the site of program, transportation of products from vendors to the company and shipments to customers. However, they have not included customer transportation to and from the stores.REI provides meaningful incentives for their empl oyees to reduce the environmental impacts of commuting and corporate travel. These include: * A 50 percent transit subsidy * Showers and secure bike storage at every REI facility * Telecommuting options at our headquarters location * Web conferencing and other technology tools In 2011, REI partnered with The Nature Conservancy to implement an afforestation project on the Bayou Bartholomew property in Louisiana, which will restore forest continuity with the adjacent Chemin-a-Haut State Park.Funding provided voluntarily by REI Adventures will finance the future retirement of carbon offsets from this project. Through this effort, REI supported The Nature Conservancy's restoration of this forest ecosystem, as well as the design of a carbon project. This carbon project has been validated and registered through a credible third-party certification system (the Verified Carbon Standard). The effort will contribute to long-term systemic change, benefitting the atmosphere and the forest ecosy stem, and has been designed to produce verifiable carbon offsets in the future.Though REI would seek new and innovative solutions to all aspects within the company, there is at least one were they could only offset rather than reduce. REI’s largest source of GHG emissions was REI Adventures which generated 31 percent of its total, namely flying members to adventure destinations. This exception was dealt with by purchasing carbon offsets as a part of the travel package, paid by REI. Reduction of waste to landfills REI aspiration for 2020 was to have no waste to landfills and cut waste to landfills by half between 2010 and 2015.In order to achieve this, they strive to make their packaging shipping operations as efficient as possible. They work with vendors, shipping companies and industry colleagues to pioneer new approaches to this complex situation. One example of this is how they reinvented the way bicycles were packaged and shipped. The bikes, shipped in cardboard boxes fro m china, was packaged in parts and assembled at one location in the US from where they were sent to the stores. The extensive packing, taped and stapled together, held the parts and assembled bikes securely but was difficult to assemble and disassemble.REI revised this process in way that allowed them to reuse the carton over and over again. Essentially, the same cartons that was used from the manufacturer in China, was used throughout the supply chain and returned to China, to once again be use. Thereby recycling all the materials rather than sending it to landfills. This decreased the cardboard consumption by more than 60 percent. Additionally they saved more than $1 million in annual labour hours due to reduced time required to pack and unpack bikes. Recap REI saw a rise in its net carbon impact during 2010.But the increase was smaller than overall company growth during the year, as measured by sales. Overall, the company used 2. 4% less energy in its facilities, despite adding f our new stores and relocating two retail locations to larger spaces. Other sustainability efforts include purchasing 58. 4% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper fiber, and recycling 74% of total operational waste, including more than 95% at REI’s two distribution centers. Community efforts included 109,785 volunteer hours committed through 541 REI-hosted conservation projects to plant trees, restore trails, and clean parks and streams.The company also funded $3. 7 million in grants provided to 330 nonprofit partners with a focus on conservation and outdoor recreation. However, REI is transferring renewable energy certificates generated by their solar panels. Since they do not claim credit for reducing carbon when doing so, this is creating a problem in terms of reaching carbon zero. A challenge they must overcome if they intend to reach their aspirations. REI could further reduce their GHG by reevaluating the use of New Zealand as a destination. Many locations on North American (e. g.Alaska, Canada, and the Rocky Mountains) continent have similar location to offer, and seeing that New Zealand is half away around the world, this could be an effective substitution. Exhibit three displays the progress of reaching the 2015 goals. Is shows the actual status of all three areas in e. g. the first quarter of 2011, the plan for 2011, the trajectory for 2015 and the goal for 2015. Though the trajectories for 2015 for all three are above the goal, one can see from the actual status for 2011, that they are all fairly close if not under the plan for the same year.So despite the gloom trajectory for 2015 REI is indeed on the right path. Issue 2 The second issue was identifying the potential risks with REI adopting the â€Å"No Trade-offs† approach articulated by the corporate social responsibility group, seen from a managerial performance measurement perspective. The â€Å"No trade-offs† approach presents several risks. It can prove be expen sive, not only in the solutions required to fulfil but also the hours it take to reach them. As the CEO aspires innovation over comprise, the employees will always have to look for new ways of performing tasks.This takes time and time is money. This is also a very black and white approach leaving none or very little wiggle room. The employees need to stay within the parameters and in some cases they might be looking for solutions that are simply not there. Again, this is time consuming and will undoubtedly make REI miss out on additional earnings lost by looking in other fixed directions. REI has set the bar high and this might also have a negative effect on the people working to find the solutions. If the goals seem too impossible, it might demotivate rather than inspire thus lowering the morale among the workforce.However, by setting a more reasonable goal for 2015 this is somewhat counteracted. Recap So there are several risks by the â€Å"No trade-off† approach, but REI s eems to get around them. The company is still growing and still finding ways to lower their influence on the environment. The Workplace section also notes that REI has been included on Fortune magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for† list for 14 consecutive years. The company has a 79% employee retention rate. Issue 3 The third issue was to evaluate the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission.The goals for environmental sustainability were set by the office of CEO. They were included in the company’s non-financial KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). The CSR group is tasked to carry them out, however they also make the recommendation to the office of the CEO on which the goals are based. This could create internal problematic situation as it is the same people who make the recommendations for the goals as well as carrying them, though some tasks are overseen by other departments than CSR.However, REI take a comprehensive view of their environmental impact using a framework that reflects the work of the Outdoor Industry Association’s Eco Working Group. They have established key performance metrics for e. g. the three before mentioned areas, and in 2011, they implemented measurement and reporting tools that enables them to forecast, budget and review their progress in these areas. These metrics tie directly into strategic and financial planning for key REI divisions, and results are assessed quarterly by company leadership.REI also became a member of bluesign technologies in 2008. The program requires tight manufacturing controls in mills and factories in order to be certified. This approach will provide greater supply chain transparency in support of REI's goal of reducing the environmental impact of its products. The transparency will also allow them to make a more precise assessment of their impact, as they will have greater access to their suppliers’ information regarding manufacturi ng. Recap Based on this I deem the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission as high.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Chem essays

Chem essays Many in the world of science do not succeed as prominent individual considering it is a tough field not only to achieve in but to maintain an identity. Mario J. Molina was someone that prospered as a minority and Nobel Laureate in this particular field. Mario was a Mexican American chemist, born in Mexico City in the year of 1943. Although, he has obtained several awards for his scientific work, a distinction among his awards was noted when awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry, which he shared with Rowland and Paul J. Crutzen, a Dutch chemist, for their work in atmospheric chemistry. It was the first Nobel Prize awarded for work in the environmental sciences (Oaks 110) He has a Chemical Engineering degree of 1965 from the Mexican University named Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and achieved a postgraduate degree two years later from the University of Freiburg located in West Germany. In the year 1972 at age 29, from the Berkeley University of California, Mario attained a Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry. Subsequently, as a research fellow in Irvine he became a part of Rowlands laboratory. Comfortable at this University he diverged from this position and in the year of 1975, Molina became a professor at the University. Eight years later, in 1983, leaving Irvine, he was a designated senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology also known as Caltech. In his years of career, in 1989 he came to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology otherwise known as MIT appointed as a professor in earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences, the In stitute of Medicine and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He has served on the US President's Committee of Advisors in Science and Technology, the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, National Research Council Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.(http://web.mit....

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication

"A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me... Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me... Free Essays on A Martian Sends A Postcard Home Explication "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings and some are treasured for their markings – They cause the eyes to melt or the body to shriek without pain. I have never seen one fly, but sometimes they perch on the hand. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground: Then the world is dim and bookish like engravings under tissue paper. Rain is when the earth is televison. It has the property of making colours darker. Model T is a room with the lock inside - a key is turned to free the world for movement, so quick there is a film to watch for anything missed. But time is tied to the wrist or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, that snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it to their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling with a finger. Only the young are allowed to suffer openly. Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises alone. No one is exempt and everyone's pain has a different smell. At night when all the colours die, they hide in pairs and read about themselves in colour, with their eyelids shut. Craig Raine Craig Raine Born in 1945 in County Durham located North of England. He graduated from Oxford, and afterwards, he was appointed as lecturer there. Much of his work is designed to help the reader to see the world from a fresh point of view. His poetry is flamboyant, self conscious, and witty. Summary "A Martian Sends a Postcard Home" is a poem with seven ten stanzas. All of the stanzas have two lines identified, as a couplet even though the poem does not have a regular correspondence of sounds recognized as ryhme. The reading of poem is tricky at first; I had the impression that the title was literally me...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Yellowfin Tuna Facts (Thunnus albacares)

Yellowfin Tuna Facts (Thunnus albacares) The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a large, swift fish that is known for its beautiful colors, graceful motion, and use in cooking as ahi and Hawaiian poke. The species name albacares means white meat. While the yellowfin tuna is the albacore tuna in France and Portugal, albacore is the name given to the longfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in other countries. Fast Facts: Yellowfin Tuna Scientific Name: Thunnus albacaresCommon Names: Yellowfin tuna, ahiBasic Animal Group: FishSize: 6 feetWeight: 400 poundsLifespan: 8 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Worldwide in temperature and tropical waters (except the Mediterranean)Population: DecliningConservation Status: Near Threatened Description The yellowfin tuna gets its name for its yellow sickle-shaped tail, dorsal and anal fins, and finlets. The torpedo-shaped fish may be dark blue, black, or green on top with a silver or yellow belly. Broken vertical lines and a golden stripe on the side distinguish the yellowfin from other species of tuna. The yellowfin is a large tuna. Adults may reach 6 feet in length and weigh 400 pounds. The International Game Fish Association (IGFA) record for a yellowfin is 388 pounds for a fish caught off Baja California in Mexico, but there is a pending claim for a 425-pound catch, also caught off Baja. The yellowfin tuna has a sickle-shaped yellow tail and yellow finlets. Tigeryan / Getty Images Habitat and Range Yellowfin tuna live in all tropical and subtropical oceans except for the Mediterranean. They are usually found in water ranging from 59 ° to 88 ° F. The species is epipelagic, preferring deep offshore water above the thermocline in the top 330 feet of the sea. However, the fish can dive to depths of at least 3800 feet. Yellowfin tuna are migratory fish that travel in schools. Movement depends on water temperature and food availability. The fish travel with other animals of a similar size, including manta rays, dolphins, skipjack tuna, whale sharks, and whales. They commonly aggregate under flotsam or moving vessels. Diet and Behavior Yellowfin fry are zooplankton that feed on other zooplankton. As they grow, the fish eat food whenever it is available, only swimming more slowly when satiated. Adults feed on other fish (including other tuna), squid, and crustaceans. Tuna hunt by sight, so they tend to feed during daylight hours. Yellowfin tuna can swim up to 50 miles per hour, so they can capture fast-moving prey. The yellowfin tunas speed is due partly to its body shape, but mainly because yellowfin tuna (unlike most fish) are warm-blooded. In fact, a tunas metabolism is so high the fish must constantly swim forward with its mouth open to maintain sufficient oxygenation. While fry and juvenile tuna are preyed upon by most predators, adults are sufficiently large and quick to escape most predators. Adults may be eaten by marlin, toothed whales, mako sharks, and great white sharks. Reproduction and Offspring Yellowfin tuna spawn throughout the year, but peak spawning occurs during the summer months. After mating, the fish release eggs and sperm into the surface water simultaneously for external fertilization. A female can spawn almost daily, releasing millions of eggs each time and up to ten million eggs per season. However, very few fertilized eggs reach maturity. Newly-hatched fry are nearly-microscopic zooplankton. Those that arent eaten by other animals grow quickly and reach maturity within two to three years. A yellowfin tunas life expectancy is about 8 years. Conservation Status The IUCN classified the conservation status of the yellowfin tuna as near threatened, with a declining population. The survival of the species is important to the oceanic food chain because the yellowfin is a top predator. While its impossible to measure the number of yellowfin tuna directly, researchers have recorded significant drops in catch sizes that indicate diminished population. Fishery sustainability varies dramatically from one location to another, however, so the fish is not threatened throughout its entire range. Overfishing is most significant in the Eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean. Overfishing is the main threat to this species survival, but there are other problems. Other risks include plastic pollution in the oceans, increasing predation of young, and decreasing availability of prey. Yellow Fin Tuna and Humans Yellowfin is highly valued for sport fishing and commercial fishing. It is the primary species of tuna used for canning in the United States. Most commercial fisheries use the purse seine method of fishing in which a vessel encloses a surface school within a net. Longline fishing targets deep-swimming tuna. Because tuna school with other animals, both methods carry significant risk of bycatch of dolphins, sea turtles, billfish, seabirds, and pelagic sharks. Fishermen seeking to reduce bycatch use streamers to scare away birds and select bait and locations to minimize the chance of fishing mixed schools. A purse seine encloses a school of fish within a net. Dado Daniela / Getty Images Sources Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Amorim, A.F.; et al. (2011). Thunnus albacares. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T21857A9327139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T21857A9327139.enCollette, B.B. (2010). Reproduction and Development in Epipelagic Fishes. In: Cole, K.S. (ed.), Reproduction and sexuality in marine fishes: patterns and processes, pp. 21-63. University of California Press, Berkeley.Joseph, J. (2009). Status of the world fisheries for tuna.  International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF).Schaefer, K.M. (1998). Reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the eastern Pacific Ocean.  Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission  21: 201-272.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

E-bay in the domain of business information system Assignment

E-bay in the domain of business information system - Assignment Example At the present, IT experts need information technology knowledge to determine the ways and functions of IT systems, to customize, design and test systems for competitive benefit, and to look for and recognize new solutions that are able to change as well as improve their business. In addition, today the functions of management information system (MIS) in a business are similar to the functions of heart in the body. In the same way, the data and information can be considered as blood and MIS is the heart. In today’s corporate and business bodies need the fresh and pure supply of blood that is attained through the MIS (the heart). In this scenario, the MIS technology also makes sure that suitable data is gathered from a variety of sources that need to be processed as well as transmitted for carrying further operations to all the required business and corporate destinations. Moreover, the system is anticipated to accomplish the information requirements of a person, a group of ind ividuals, the management processes, the managers and the top management. This report presents a detailed analysis of MIS technology and its possible advantages and capabilities for the business organizations. This report will assess EBay’s business and possible impact of information technology based system on the business. This report will outline recommendations for business improvement through the adoption of new technology based systems at the Ebay business.... This report presents a detailed analysis of MIS technology and its possible advantages and capabilities for the business organizations. This report will assess EBay’s business and possible impact of information technology based system on the business. This report will outline recommendations for business improvement through the adoption of new technology based systems at the Ebay business. MIS Technology and possible Impacts This section is aimed at assessing the MIS technology framework and possible impact of the MIS technology on any business. The MIS facilitates the clerical staff in carrying out business transaction processing as well as replying quickly to their inquiries on the data pertaining to the deal, the position of a particular record as well as references on a multiplicity of documents. In the same way, the MIS is helpful to the middle management briefing them with target setting, planning and managing the corporate processes. However, it is maintained through th e utilization of management capabilities and systems of planning and control. Additionally, the MIS technology based system performs a major role of business and corporate information and data communication, generation, problem detection and facilitates in the process of decision making. In this way, MIS performs significant functions in administration, management and various other processes of a business (Anand, 2008), (Ray, 2004), (Laudon & Laudon, 1999) and (Turban et al., 2005). In addition, MIS technology based systems deal with transaction processing like that answering the issues like that conditions of a particular record as well as multiplicity of documents. Additionally, the MIS technology system offers operational data for scheduling, planning

What does true friendship require Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What does true friendship require - Essay Example Since Finny trusts Gene as his friend, he does not believe what h says concerning the fall. In ‘The Hobbit’, true friendship is helping the ones in need such as the case in the book in which Gollum helps Bilbo to escape from the tunnel (Falconer 3). True friendship means helping one another and loving the other person in any difficult situation. In the ‘Thank you M’am’ the fat woman helps the boy with 10 dollars for buying Swede shoes (Hughes 5). The act shows true friendship as Mrs. Luella shows some affection to the poor boy who tried to steal from her. In the book ‘A Separate Path, Finny cannot believe that is the best friend can cause him to fall and break his legs. Finny loves his friend so much and his ready to help him by advising him to train as an athlete (Knowles 4). In the book, The Hobbit Gollum assists Bilbo to get out of the cave, and Gandalf rescues the team when it goes underground (Falconer 3). The theme of friendship and love is evident considering the help Bilbo gets from Gollum and the rescue. In the three books, the themes of friendship and love are portrayed clearly. In conclusion, true friends love each other as demonstrated by the themes of the three stories. In the first case, the fat woman helps the boy while in the second book Finny does not believe that his true friend can betray him causing him to fall. In the Hobbit, the team gets help from Gandalf and Bilbo gets help from Gollum, which portrays a lot of love and

Friday, October 18, 2019

Multi-sensory Impairments Affecting Children's Development Essay

Multi-sensory Impairments Affecting Children's Development - Essay Example I felt it was crucial that I develop strategies that help them to connect with the world. My main aim was to enable them to experience the world around, and motivate them to move on. Overall, I was determined to incorporate strategies to overcome difficulties in accessing world around them. Introduction ‘A deaf-blind child is not a deaf child who cannot see or a blind child who cannot hear; the problem is not an additive one of deafness plus blindness. Nor is it solely one of communication or perception. It encompasses all these things and more. The deaf-blind are multisensory deprived; they are unable to utilize their distance senses of vision and hearing to receive non-distorted information.’ (McInnes & Treffery, 2001:2) The deafblind, like a multi-sensory impaired child, lacks the capability to use his/her senses to receive and process information. This is due to the limited access to information received through damaged senses. The deafblind children face a complexity of issues such as failure to communicate effectively in their social environment and interpreting events. This often results to restriction of the affected individuals in accessing and acquiring important information, as well as hampering their development (Chen, 1993, 1996 & 1999; Chen & Dote-Kwan, 1998; Fraiberg, 1977; McInners, 1999; McInners & Treffery, 2001; Mednick, 2004; Murdoch, 1994; Orelove et al., 2004; Wasserman et al., 1985). In this assignment, I will explain the complexity of needs that multi-sensory impaired children experience, and how this affects their development, knowledge, and understanding of the world around them. I will also seek to explore possible strategies that could be implemented to gradually extend thei r worlds, based on my observations of two particular pupils in my school. This assignment is divided into the following three sections. Firstly, I will attempt to define multi-sensory impairment and thoroughly explore its direct impact on learning on a day-to-day basis. Secondly, I will outline the abilities of two particular pupils in order to gain an insight into their learning. Finally, I will discuss various strategies, which would enable the pupils to access and improve their understanding and knowledge of the world, including a comprehensive reasoning behind the choice made and its effectiveness in practice. My role in relation to this project chiefly concerned observing and working with pupils. It was important to collaborate with teachers and support staff, as they could provide additional knowledge and experience of the children. In addition, I received a lot of support from my colleagues in this project. My objective was to find was of improving learning opportunities for pupils. Therefore, it was crucial to facilitate various strategies to increase pupils’ awareness, understanding, and knowledge of the world around them. Meaning and definition of multi-sensory impairment Children with multi–sensory impairment have historically been referred to as â€Å"deafblind†. Indeed, some people still refer to them as deafblind (Best, 1983; Brown, 1997; Brown & Bates, 2011; Collins, et al., 1991; Miles & Riggio, 2011; SENSE, 2011). In my opinion, being deafblind is different from being multi-sensory impaired. Children with multi-sensory impairment have more complex needs than deafblind. When it comes to cognition, it is even more difficult to determine their intellectual abilities and capabilities (DfE, 2011; DfH, 2011; Murdoch 1992; Pallant, 2011). According to available literature, the task of recognizing and identifying the needs of multi-sensory impaired children with regard to learning and educational needs is one of the key barriers f aced by educators

To what extent does the concept of ethics affect online business Essay

To what extent does the concept of ethics affect online business - Essay Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Global Media, a London based online mass media organisation which acts as a platform where different mass media houses can market their offerings to the customers. Advertising as well as marketing companies can utilise the services offered by Global Media Company to market as well as distribute their products. These products and services include literary works as well as advertisements for various goods that are related to the media fraternity. This online agency is primarily concerned with providing a network for media organisations to link with their customers. Global Media has a large database for customers as well as providers of different products and services. All the transactions between the media organisations as well as customers are facilitated by Global Media Company. Payments for these products and services offered are done online. Basically, Global Media Company is responsible for compiling and managing the database for various media houses. The organisation operates at a global level since it deals with stakeholders from different parts of the world. A close analysis of the operations of Global Media Company shows that there are broadly two lessons that can be learnt from it. The network approach taken by the organisation overlooks some of the important societal values that characterise people from different backgrounds since the company is mainly driven by the concerns of the proprietors. The other issue that is of concern in this particular case is related to ethical marketing since it can be observed that the company at times give precedence to its profit oriented goals at the expense of the needs of the other stakeholders at large. Thus, these two issues are discussed in detail below and the lessons leant are also outlined. The other part of the report will discuss the measures that can be taken by the managers at Global Media to resolve the issues for the betterment of the compan y in its future operations. Network approach The main issue with the network approach by Global Media is that the model of communication is mainly linear. The main problem with this model is that special consideration is given to the sender of the message and it follows a linear direction. However, the use of the internet has made it possible for information to flow from different angles where all the stakeholders are treated as equal. According to McQuail (2000), this model of communication is criticised because it follows a linear channel from the sender to the recipient. Indeed, the organisation is in business of marketing various products and services to different stakeholders but the problem is that the communication process is skewed in favour of the people who are responsible for designing the message. Molwana (1997) acknowledges that there are several communication networks in society and everyone belongs to one or several of these. As such, people are members of groups, coo peratives and other

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Paper subject ( Management financial resource ) Essay

Paper subject ( Management financial resource ) - Essay Example The mental health care, among adults, is provided on the basis of the community based hospital, independent supported living and adult residential care homes (CareTech, 2014). The young people residential services are directed towards children; this segment is associated with various facilities that are associated with facilitating the learning of children, as well as managing their behaviors. Fourthly, the company offers the foster care services; this segment ensures that children are assessed in their homes. This foster care segment is related to the provision of special services to children with disabilities. While offering these services, the management understands that a prudent financial management can help the company to perform effectively in its area of operation (CareTech, 2014). In this respect, this paper is focused on assessing the financial management of the health and social care organization; the paper will pay attention to the operations of CareTech PLC. Among the financial aspects that would be discussed include the principles of costing and business control systems. Considering that CareTech PLC is a firm that focused on offering health and social care services, it is critical for the firm to use the absorption costing method. The absorption costing method ensures that various costs are expensed to a given product or service. This method is effective as far as the external reporting is concerned (Fukui, Yoshiuchi and Ikezaki, 2014). The method ensures that both direct and indirect costs are effectively expensed to a given service or product. The absorption cost would be efficient in determining the costs that are required to be met by CareTech PLC in various segments in order to continue offering its services to diverse clients. Generally, the direct and indirect costs are assigned to different the end product or service that is provided to a customer. The absorption costing has remained a key principle of costing

International Commercial Arbitration and Privity of Contract Essay

International Commercial Arbitration and Privity of Contract - Essay Example What is international commercial arbitration? International commercial arbitration is a way in which parties can use an alternative method of dispute resolution on an international level. International law however does not clearly and concisely define what it is in reality. Alternatively, the UNCITRAL contains a Model Law which governs and defines more clearly international commercial arbitration as â€Å"any arbitration whether or not administered by a permanent arbitral institution†.1 David also provides a definition which states that ICA is a tool by which parties can settle a question by decisions of third parties â€Å"who derive their powers from a private agreement, not from the authorities of a State, and who are to decide the case on the basis of such an agreement†.2 Indeed, arbitration clauses are often specifically contained in contracts, which are specified as binding on the parties outside of court: ICA is binding privately according to the agreement of the parties.3 The purpose of the UNCITRAL Model Law is to aid states in reforming and brining up to date their national laws and regulations on the process of arbitration and it was adopted and implemented globally some 26 years ago.4 The Model Law is comprehensive and applies to all signatory states in many areas of ICA, including the recognition and enforcement of orders and awards, though states are not obliged to directly apply the law in their domain. Such countries prefer to use the Model Law as a framework which they adapt to coincide with their own national laws, economic systems, and public policy norms. Privity of Contract in International Commercial Arbitration Privity of contract requires that all parties to an agreement must voluntarily commit to the agreement for it to be enforceable; this is otherwise termed as mutual consent. In an ICA context, it can thus be applied to state that the parties to a contractual arbitration clause must voluntarily agree to the content of t he clause before it can be deemed binding upon the parties. Essentially, it is stated that arbitration without privity is not enforceable; particularly if â€Å"coercion, fraud,...[and]... lack of identity of the parties† is evident.5 Privity of contract thus aims to provide an equal playing field for both parties who come from different counties, as it allows them to rely on arbitration clauses in order â€Å"to be free of national procedural and substantive law†.6 ICA thus allows disputes which may arise between parties to become subject to regulations which are on a different level to the national laws of the parties so that claims concerning international privity of contract may be avoided. By agreeing on an alternative method of arbitration, both parties are able to be defined as autonomously agreeing to settle their disputes in a value-free manner. However, this again is differently viewed in practice, as many express concern in relation to privity of contract be cause parties to a contract may not be said to be parties to the international regulations on ICA. This claim is further aggravated by the fact that the UNCITRAL in particular is often altered or adjusted to fit in with national law, and its content is thus

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Paper subject ( Management financial resource ) Essay

Paper subject ( Management financial resource ) - Essay Example The mental health care, among adults, is provided on the basis of the community based hospital, independent supported living and adult residential care homes (CareTech, 2014). The young people residential services are directed towards children; this segment is associated with various facilities that are associated with facilitating the learning of children, as well as managing their behaviors. Fourthly, the company offers the foster care services; this segment ensures that children are assessed in their homes. This foster care segment is related to the provision of special services to children with disabilities. While offering these services, the management understands that a prudent financial management can help the company to perform effectively in its area of operation (CareTech, 2014). In this respect, this paper is focused on assessing the financial management of the health and social care organization; the paper will pay attention to the operations of CareTech PLC. Among the financial aspects that would be discussed include the principles of costing and business control systems. Considering that CareTech PLC is a firm that focused on offering health and social care services, it is critical for the firm to use the absorption costing method. The absorption costing method ensures that various costs are expensed to a given product or service. This method is effective as far as the external reporting is concerned (Fukui, Yoshiuchi and Ikezaki, 2014). The method ensures that both direct and indirect costs are effectively expensed to a given service or product. The absorption cost would be efficient in determining the costs that are required to be met by CareTech PLC in various segments in order to continue offering its services to diverse clients. Generally, the direct and indirect costs are assigned to different the end product or service that is provided to a customer. The absorption costing has remained a key principle of costing

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The history, structure, classification of type Essay

The history, structure, classification of type - Essay Example ype designers have gone further to categorize the typographic variations in letterforms like x-height, length of ascenders and descenders and stroke weight that contribute to functionality, clarity and aesthetics of the design (Raizman 194). The humanist (Venetian) faces of 15th and 16th centuries emulated the classical calligraphy. The humanist typefaces were designed to imitate Italian Renaissance handwriting and the types use bracketed serifs while letters are wide. The old style (Garalde) was designed developed between 15th and 17th century. These types have moderate contrast and entail rounded serifs and rounded letters that enhance readability. The old style has small serifs and small x-heights and minimal variations of thick and thin strokes. The stress is diagonal and tops of lowercase ascenders often will exceed the height of the capital letters (Raizman 195). The transitional classification has sharper serifs and was introduced in mid 18th century by John Baskerville. The mechanical-like structure ensures these types are reverse and stippled thus looking excellent on smooth paper. The modern typefaces were designed by Didone in late 18th century and early 19th century and include straight serifs, and sharp contrast from thick to thin strokes (Felici 53). The advancement in typography was occasioned by improvements in technology such as printing and binding of papers thus making it possible to develop type styles with fine hairlines and strong vertical emphasis (Felici 78). The Egyptian or slab-serifs (19th century) has heavy serifs and is mainly used for decorations since it provides high legibility (Cullen 145). The slab serif is useful in posters and flyers due to bold printing types and strong, square finishing strokes that capture the viewers’ attention. The decorative typefaces (19th to 20th century) are mainly used in poster s and billboards since legibility wanes if used in small point sizes. They are designed for large point sizes in order to

Monday, October 14, 2019

Technology in the 20th Century Paper Essay Example for Free

Technology in the 20th Century Paper Essay There are many notable advances made in technology that took place during the twentieth century. The world gradually moved from the industrial age into the technology age during this era. Once technology took hold nothing could hold back the flood of its advancement and the innovation that grew from it. Of all of the important advancements three standouts that are intimately connected are the inventions of the radio, computers, and the internet. The radio could be said as the beginning of the information age and the sharing of information worldwide. The Radio The radio actually made it possible for the first time in humanity’s history for an audience to hear a person from many miles away. Before the television the radio was a way of gathering of people and families to share news and the storytelling that would have once perhaps been told around a communal fire. According to Kinsey, between the years of 1909 and 1927 Britain, America, Australia, South Africa, and the Netherlands were all broadcasting wirelessly through the radio (Kinsey, 2005). During this time radio broadcasts were all commercial, but that soon gave way to other kinds of broadcasts including music. Computers Another huge advancement created in the twentieth century is the computer. The computers that are enjoyed today hardly resemble the huge calculating machines that were created around the time of the second world war. In 1944 the very first electronic- mechanical computer called MARK 1 was created at Harvard. This machine was a massive calculator that was fifty one feet wide and eight feet tall (Chee, 1997). The beginning of the smaller computers that we know today started in 1959 when Honeywell developed the first computers that used transistors. These were followed by IBM who used integrated circuits. The very first personal computers were built in the 1970’s with the computers that are recognizable today starting in 1974 with the first Apple PC being created in 1977. Computer technology continues to grow and expand creating increasingly smaller and faster machines to keep up  with today’s fast paced life. The small seven or eight inch portable ipad has little resemb lance to its humongous forefather the MARK 1. The Internet The internet’s history is tied to the government and the Cold War in the 1960’s. The over 300,000 networks that cover much of the world actually saw its beginning as a system that was created to use satellites and radio transmissions to communicate for the military. The problem with the system was that there were not any networks to share the information. A system that solved this problem was created in 1982 and by 1993 the World Wide Web was popularized by nuclear physists that needed to communicate with each other (Chee, 1997). By the end of the 1980’s a number of mostly professional people were utilizing the Internet and email, but by the 1990’s the internet would see massive growth. By the end of 1999 the number of people using the internet was estimated to be 248 million (Cohen, 2011). The world has been made a smaller place because of the internet. People all around the earth can see events that are happening real time in places they may never physic ally get to visit. The many challenges that persist for humanity are made visible on a daily basis which in turn can be a way for people to see one another as extensions of themselves instead of enemies to be conquered. In conclusion, the social changes that arose from two world wars fertilized a society that was eager to learn and explore our world. While the society of the twentieth century struggled to gain realistic views of humanity, technological advancements like the radio, computers, and the Internet helped to create a much smaller world. The technology that is taken for granted in today’s society had very humble beginnings in the twentieth century. That technology has helped to close the gap and erase some of the imaginary lines that have historically separated the world’s population. These innovations have helped to heal the collective scars of decades of war, proving to humanity that we are alike in more ways than we could ever imagine. References: Chee, H. W. (1997, Mar 27). Brief look at the history of computers. New Straits Times. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/269127308?accountid=458 Cohen-Almagor, R. (2011). Internet History. International Journal of Technoethics (IJT), 2(2), 45-64. doi:10.4018/jte.2011040104Article Kinsey, M.(2005). Radio. In Key concepts in journalism studies. Retrieved from http://search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/entry/sageukjour/radio/0

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Essay examples --

Organizational changes have a potential failure rate of 70%, although this rate has been consistent for many decades there are many organizational changes that are successfully strategized and implemented (Maurer, 2010). An organizational change is when an organization goes through a renovation of altering business strategies (Organization change) to strengthen and expand their services to meet a demand of the economy (Ackerman, 1997). According to the chapter on Development, Transition, or Transformation: The Question of Change in Organization by Linda Ackerman in the book Organization Development Classics: The Practice and Theory of Change, there are three types of collective changes that are among organizations these changes are developmental change, transitional change, and transformational change (1997). In this paper I will further discuss the changes in details and will counteract the changes discussed by Ackerman through other approaches or reasoning for the changes. First, developmental changes in an organization consist of an improvement of a skill, method, or condition ...

Friday, October 11, 2019

Algerian War

Most of the African countries have at one time of another been engaged into warfare, either as a struggle for liberation from the colonialism or as a response from the bad governance which has characterized most parts of this continent. I believe that some of these struggles are justified since they led to liberation of the masses. For example the fight to draw away the colonialist was a noble cause since it brought independence in this region. The colonial powers were only up to satisfy their greedy appetite for resources from Africa leaving the continent bare with depleted resources.They were determined to milk Africa dry and perhaps this explains why they clung to the colonies for so long such that they had to be thrown away either through armed struggles or through international pressure. Some of the colonies were determined to make African countries their overseas territories so that they can continue oppressing the Africans. One such rule was the French government which wanted to extend their unwelcome stay in Algeria culminating into a struggle which had massive effects some of which are still felt today.One of the countries in Africa where the struggle for independence was quite remarkable and will for ever be in the history books is Algeria. In this paper I will attempt to explore the causes of this war that brought hope to the Algerian people and changed the course of their history forever. I will explain the course of the war analyzing the events which took place, and finally look at the effects of this struggle both in Algeria and France. (Windrow, M and Chappell 1997 5) This country was colonized by the French who occupied it for since early 1830s. They ruled this country for close to one hundred and fifty years.By 1954 the Algerians had become tired, weary and fed up by this occupation. They have had enough and they were ready to liberate themselves. In 1954 they waged a war which went down to the history as one of the fiercest in the history of i ndependence struggle. This was the climax of their aggression and humiliation they had undergone for the last one hundred years. They were so determined such that nothing would have turned them back. The forces were ready, they enjoyed massive support form the international bodies more so from their Arab neighbor who also wanted to see one of their neighbor redeemed from the chains of colonization.This conflict erupted exactly fifty years ago, despite being an independence struggle; a war is a war, something which leads to loss of life and destruction of property. It was an ugly war that dominated the world press to almost the same extent as other wars that have been fought in the world in the recent past. (Windrow, M and Chappell, M 1997 p3) The war ended with a win for the French side but the situation in Algeria had changed, despite the win they had to grant the people of Algeria the freedom they had been yearning.A question crops up, what could have happened if the Algerians won the war? Would they have tried to extend their territory beyond the curved borders? These are pertinent issues whose answers can not be direct. For one it would have been almost impossible for the Algerian freedom fighters to win given the level of the armies for the two sides. The French ha d a well coordinated force while Algerians only depended on militias who were not properly coordinated. Again the issue of weapons comes up; the French had access to modern and sophisticated weapons which Algerians could only have dreamed of.This war had many unique features; it was a three- and finally four-edged struggle between the French government, the European colonists and the Algerian nationalists and finally Charles de Gaulle. All these parties to the contest were pursuing different interests. The war left Algeria deeply bruised as a nation. It had some serious implication that no one could have imagined, its effect were not only felt in this North African country but also way back in France. (Shields,J 2007 27) Causes of the WarTo understand the real causes of this conflict it is important that we try to get a real situation of Algeria at that moment and in the past. This information will shed some light on why the Algerian people wanted to be free. Windrow and Chappell argue that the conflict was purely economical and social â€Å"some seventy five percent of the Muslims population were illiterate and they suffered chronic unemployment†p3. Therefore for these people to be liberated from the serious problems they were facing they had to get rid of the forces which they felt that were undermining their efforts to lead a better life.By the time the war was erupting Algeria had been under French occupation for close to a century where the territory was being reoffered to as a French overseas province. Windrow and Cappell observed that only a small percentage of the Muslims population in this country enjoyed the French citizenry rights where one was privilege d to own property. By this time the Muslims population had rose to eight millions. This population could not have survived under the conditions that prevailed in Algeria where the economy was not performing well and then their condition was not all that good.This level of poverty which has been described as abject greatly contributed to this conflict. I believe that when a society is subjected to conditions which are inhuman they will rise up and demand what is rightfully theirs. This is exactly what happened in Algeria. The people were generally tired of being subjected to suffering by foreigners, they wanted to live a decent life, though they wanted to solve things in a peaceful manner conflict could not have been avoided since the French government was adamant and they wanted to continue with the occupation of this resource rich country.(Shields, J 2007 28) The Algerians were dissatisfied with the treatment by the French government as second class citizens. They felt that this be ing country and they had every right to live in it and more so like any other person. In my research I have gathered that this is a problem that existed in all the African colonies where African faced serious discrimination. They were treated badly and subjected to unimaginable sufferings. Most of these people did not enjoy the privileges which the other races were entitled to.They were regarded as low class who should be civilized though the process of assimilation. When people are treated in such a horrible manner as happened in Algeria, eventually they will be fed with the situation and demand what is rightfully their. This is what the Algerians did; they were tired of such an environment where they could not enjoy full rights like anybody else. They had to look for a way to solve their problem, they did not foresee a situation where for the French colonial government would grant them independence through a silver platter.They were determined to go all the way and ensure their fr eedom. Algerians were determined to pursue their independence; it is in this struggle that nationalism and its elements are shown. The Algerian War was started mainly revolting Algerian mobilization which sought freedom on the premises of bad polices which segregated the people especially those cultures which did not speak in French. (Nehma, A and Zeleza, P 2008 56) During the Second World War, Algerians were actively involved both local and those of the European descent, they fought for France.In return they were supposed to be handsomely rewarded for their efforts. This is a promise that the French government never kept. These world war soldiers were disoriented since when the colonial government did not keep its promise. They felt betrayed; they had to find alternatives so that they can survive the hard time that ensued. They were easy target for the recruits because of their hostility to the government that never kept its promise. These soldiers were actively involved in the fre edom struggle for Algeria, perhaps to punish the French colonial government for neglecting them.This something that happened all over the continent, Africans were enrolled to fight for foreign countries and in the return they were to get some favors from the colonial governments. In Kenya the freedom fighters who were popularly known as the Mau Mau were mostly soldiers who had been recruited to fight for British overseas. On return they were supposed to be given land. Just like the French counterparts in Algeria the British colonial government did not honor its promise. The soldiers formed the group to fight for the freedom in that country and also to teach the colonial government a lesson (Windrow, M and Chappell 1997 5)My argument is that nationalism played a big role in the struggle for independence in this country. The Algerians were motivated by their desire to maintain cultural freedom and also reversion of the state to the rightful owners, who were the Algerian people. When t he French people set their foot in this land they were determined to get this country. they used all manner of tactics to subject the indigenous people to their rule. Rapes,killings and many other barbaric acts were committed to the Algerians in the name of conquered the country. The French army burned harvests emptied granaries and many other unfortunate things.This caused great resentment between the two groups, this hate grew reaching climax during the freedom struggle. Algerian resistance was vigorous though it was only for a short time; they were not prepared to fight foreign forces who wanted to take what is rightfully theirs. When it came to the freedom struggle they had learnt their lessons and were more determined than ever to ensure they were left free to rule their country as they wished. From the resistance which was mounted during the colonization period an insurgency which will later come to liberate the country was born.There arose some cultural tension between the Mu slims and the French people a type of resentment that lasted until this period and later came to yield to the type of aggression witnessed during the independence war. (Nehma, A and Zeleza, P 2008 58) Course of the war In the wee hours of 1st November 1954 the group called National Liberation Front was ready to start the liberation struggle, they launched massive attacks in different areas of Algeria They targeted the military and police posts, public areas among other crucial areas controlled by the colonial government.The group called on all the Muslims in Algeria to rise up against a regime that was oppressive and bring back sanity own their country where all people especially the indigenous Africans could be treated with respect. What would have happened if the people of Algeria did not rally behind this call to liberate themselves? I believe that the colonial government was very much determined to retain this country. Once it is rich in oil resources among other minerals. There fore by granting independence or ceasing power would transfer control of these resources to the Africans.Settlers would not have liked the idea since they had grown to, like the country and what they were getting from here. (Williams, N et al 2007 78) The government responded with massive force against this insurgency from the people who were labeled as terrorists. Would people who were fighting to liberate the masses be labeled as terrorist? In my opinion the FLA fighters were not terrorists rather they were group of people who were responding to an oppressive regime. Many leaders have been labeled as terrorists but times have proved them right.One such leaders was the former freedom fighter from South Africa who later became the President and one of the most popular and respected men in the world. Nelson Mandela was a terrorist according to the apartheid rulers of South Africa but to his people he was a hero. The same case applies the freedom fighter in Algeria the French governme nt declared these people as terror agents but to the Algerians they were heroes who can be relied on to make their motherland free once more. (Williams, N et al 2007 79)As the FLN spread their activities across the country, many European farmers in the country side were forced to sell their farms and belonging and shifted to the capital where they sought refuge. Here they pressured the government to take a stern action against the militias. The colons started organizing their own form of retaliation where they grouped some militias whom would attack the FLN members allover the country especially in Algiers. The Europeans called on the government to declare a state of emergency so that it can deal with the situation properly.(Williams, N et al 2007 78) The war took an ugly twist when the FLN fighters started to attack the civilians. This happened way back in August 1955,a great massacre of the civilian was reported near Phillippeville,the attack was carried out by the freedom fighter s. Intially the group had an operation tactic where it was only targeting the military and government properties. Now with the direct target of the people they were supposed to be fighting for complicated the matter. Perhaps this happens in every war. The civilians who in most cases are innocent get bruised.This killing was largely condemned and it prompted the French government to step up its effort on the war. Innocent lives had been lost including those who were not involved inn the war, the children and women. In response to this attack the government claimed to have killed more than one thousand guerillas. FLN gave some conflicting reports by claiming that more than twelve thousand Muslims died on retaliatory attacks coming from the French colonial government and the colon vigilante groups. (Alexandar, M and Keiger, J 2002 78)By 1956 it is estimated that the French government had already commission more than 400,000 troops to help crush the resistance that was mounting in this colony. They realized that it would not be an easy task to fight the groups that were coming up more so when they were using guerilla tactic and applying terrorism methods to fight the French government and its supporters. In the freedom fight there were Algerians who supporting the government . There were close to one hundred and eighty Muslim Algerians who were in the French forces and most of them were fighting as volunteers.In my opinion I believe that these people were supporting the government because they wanted the status quo to remain. They were already benefiting from the system and changes where freedom will be granted their normal lives will be affected. Most of these volunteers have been assimilated into the French system and have been accorded full French citizenship. To them they were fighting for their country but to the rest of the Algerians they were traitors, who had betrayed the noble cause to liberate the country. In 1956 and 1957 the violence escalated, it took a complete new dimension where the civilians were not spared by two warring sides.The military arm of the FLN used the tactics of hit and run where they recorded huge success. They avoided direct attacks or confrontation with the French troops. I believe that the group did this to avoid a situation where they would be overwhelmed by the French might. It is a known fact that the French troops had superior weapons than the militia groups. The war was proving to be complicated affairs for the French troops since the adoption of the hit and run tactics. It was becoming hard for the forces to get them since they were mixing with the civilians once they have launched an attack.This tactic has been used by many fighters who believe that the enemy has the power and the might to defeat them. To their advantage they rely on the expertise of their fighter’s training them on the tactics which can be described as terrorist like where they attack the enemy in the areas where attacks are l east expected. Kidnapping was also used, those commonly targeted were the collaborators especially the officials and those civilian who refused to support the revolutionary movement were not spared either, they were murdered. (Alexandar, M and Keiger, J 2002 79)The fact that the revolutionary group was forcing people to support them clearly shows that not all the Algerians supported the war as a means to get what they wanted. They are those who believed that there are other avenues which could have been employed and the ugly situation that prevailed at the moment could have been avoided. To some extent I tend to agree with this group which preferred peaceful means to the struggle against freedom, may be the destruction that was being witnessed at this moment would have been avoided. So many lives had been lost and yet freedom had not come by this year.Would it have been possible for the French government to enter into the negotiation with the so called militias? Perhaps this seemed like a mirage but eventually this happened later. The use of coercive methods on the fellow countrymen shows that the group had not inspired the whole Muslim population to rally behind them in the course. The group continued to gain ground by having control over region which were previously government controlled. In these regions they instituted some temporary authorities where they were able to collect taxes and also recruit fighters. The groups had to do this so that it can get some revenue to support itself .This was very vital for their survival. (Alistair, H 2006 18) French troops were forced to go back to the drawing board and come up with the new methods of fighting. In 1957 French General instituted a system where the country was divided into the sectors. Each sector was allocated a troop which had a role of suppressing the rebels’ activities. This method proved to be effective since the revolutionaries activities were greatly reduced in some of the areas. Barriers we re also placed in the borders so that the fighters who were coming from the neighboring countries could not gain access.Morocco and Tunisia being close neighbors to this North African country were hosting some of the fighters and even helping the revolutionary groups’ finacially. This type of help has been common in every part of Africa. There are wars which are financed by the neighboring countries when they have some vested interest. For these two countries they were obliged to help since a friendly Muslim community needed liberation. (Alistair, H 2006 18) The French military started to ruthlessly attack those areas that they thought had been supporting the rebels.They applied the principle of collective responsibility where all the villages cooperating with guerillas in any way whether sheltering or paying taxes to them were bombed. Those villages which were unreachable remote areas were raided through the air. A supervisory system where these villages were put on all time surveillance was instituted. This was to prevent the villagers from helping the rebels inn whatever way. There were areas especially in the mountainous region of Algeria where close to two million people were removed and transferred to the plains.This shows the determination these forces had to completely finish the revolutionary movement. If the French government was so determined to see to it that resistance has been crashed would they have used less time and resources negotiating with the so called rebel group? I believe this is an option that they were not ready to explore since they wanted to continue calling the shots in this country and again they would have been seen as a weak country entering into negotiation with a weak group-so they thought. In my observation France was afraid of repeating the same mistake as was in the Indochina war.They did not want to be seen as a though they were losing their grip and hence their position in the world political arena. They had to fig ht this war till the end and losing to them was not an option. (Yasher,F 1989 98) Back home in France there was a feeling that the situation has to be brought in to contol. Many were calling for the return of Charles de Guella return to power so that he can sort out the situation to the favor of his motherland and avoid a humiliation that will bruise the image of this mighty nation. (Hurd,E 2007 55).Charles was seen as the only figure that would rally the nation and give it the proper direction. Indeed his return was greeted by many as a good sign where the hostilities would be ended. His return was perhaps greeted with almost the same jubilation Americas president elect Barrack Obama got when he was elected the forty forth occupant of the white house. The Muslims in Algeria were now tired of this warfare which had destroyed most of what they had. They wanted a break from this ugly situation. And the man occupying the top seat in France was the solution to their problem.(Yasher, F 1 989 98) By the 1958 the rebels had been pushed to the wall, the French army was gaining grounds. They had won the military control in almost all the regions in the country. In the preceding year’s pressure was mounting on France to grant Algeria its independence. Charles was determined towards this course but he was getting some opposition from the settlers who felt that he had betrayed them. They even attempted unsuccessfully to topple him. Talks with rebels were instituted paving way for a free nation. The aftermathAlgeria's people dream to be an independent nation was finally granted. But I would ask was it worth this much? Many people had died in the course of this war. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. This is a situation that could have been avoided if men and women had let reason to prevail but man being a selfish animal who is determined to destroy had to do all that he can to ensure he is not humiliated. France was fighting for her position in the global politics ,on the same hand Algeria was fighting for recogniton in the world map as a sovereign nation.Their course was the same only that one was being denied by the other a chance to fulfill its course. (Hurd,E 2007 55) One conflict gave rise to another,it is funny how we solve one problem and in the process antoher crops. No wonder one philosopher said â€Å" man lives to solve problems without them life has no meaning†. The problem in Algeria was deepened by the crisis which engulfed the movement that was very vocal in the freedom struggle. Ahmed Bella was becoming very popular and in the process he wa challenging the leadership of the prime minsiter Ben Khedda.He later came to be elected the premier in an electionwhich was described as one sided. He announced that Algeria was not going to support any side as far as the world politics were concerned. He made friendship with Kennedy,Castro and many other leaders. This was in the an aim of consolidating his power and at the same time make Algeria a daring to those countries who could have provided aid. In an African style he did not last long he was desposed and put in a house arrest. This dispostiton was masterminded by the elements who were not happy with the Algeria’s progress.They are the vestigial elements that were left by the colonialist. Most of the problems being experienced in this nation can be traced way back to the algerian war and colonisation. The determination of the FLN government to hold on power and the oppositon mounting fromm the muslim fundamentalst groups have made this nation to be at war. (Hurd,E 2007 55) William ,N et al(2007) describe the Algerian war as nastier than the vietnam independence war(p44). Algeria as a french department had a lot instake. It was home to milions of settlers from europe who wanted to protect their intersts at all the cost.They felt betrayed by the man many thought would bring a solution to the algerian problem. They were not ready to enter in to the n egotiation or yield to any demands made by the Algerians. French government which has beeen described in many occasssions as half hearted reform did not convinvce the people of Algeria otherwise. The analysis of the situation indicate that algerians were more determined than ever,the repression directed to them by the french forces only gave them more energy to continue with the struggle. The situation in Algeria threatened to break France as anation .A couple was planned where a regime that was seen as incapable of handling the situation was to be replaced. The situation was saved by Charles de Guella who was called upon to rescue the nation. French positon in the global positon was in an all time low. (William ,N et al 2007She has been humiliated again,she was losing her colonies in a very horrible way. Her ego had been seriously bruised. This greatly affectred the nation pride,even Charles government was not soared either despite his popularity. He was facing more problem than on e could have imagined.He was losing colonies,immigration and unemployment was rising. Voilent strikes broke out in paris,this was a common thing from know on. These events can be traced back to the aftermath of the Algerian war which left the nation image seruios injured. Perhaps this was more serios than the defeat frace suffered during the Pro-Russian wars. (Hurd,E 2007 55) Conclusion The Algerian war represents the African struggle from the oppressive colonial regime but a question crops up when I look at the situation in most of the African countries.Some of them are in a bad shape than they were during the colonial time. What happened in this countries is that colonialist were subsituted by dictatorship. A good example is Zimbabwe,the county is on its knees due to the years of misrule,many other nations are in the near blink not because of the foreign domination but from the mismanagement which has characterized these nations for along time. It is high time that africa as a con tinent wake up to reality,rise up and embrace the true democracy. the one which will end the civil war in algeria and many other parts of Africa.The solutions lie within,pressure from the outside world can only bring temporary solution but the bigger picture lies within the continent to come up with solution that will bring conflicts to an end. The solidarity exprewssed by the people of algeria and the determination to gain independence should serve as an example to all those nations experiencing chaos.Work citedWindrow,M and Chappell,M. Algerian War 1954-62,Osprey Publishing co. (1997).Shields, J. The extreme Right in France,Routledge(2007).Nehma,A and Zeleza,P. The Roots of African Conflicts,The cause and Costs,Ohio University Press(2008).Williams,N,Berry,O ,Fallon,S and Catherine,N. Algerian War,Lonely Planet(2007).Alexander,M and Keiger,J. France and Algerian War,Taylor and Francis (2002).Alistair,H. A savage War of Peace:Algeria 1954-1962,New York Books(2006).Yashir,F. The Medi terrenen:Prospects of a New Intergration,New York,United Nations University Press(1989).Hurd,E. The Politics of Secularism in international Relations,Princetown,Princetown University Press.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Pro Gun Control Essay

Persuasive Pro Gun Control Essay Gun control is a vital necessity to the welfare of our nation. Many people out there are supporting the â€Å"anti- gun control cause† with the excuse of â€Å"self-defense†. I believe that not everyone will handle a gun for self-defense. The possession of a gun is a sign of power. One of the bigger ambitions that one has is to have power and the easier it is to obtain a gun; the faster a criminal will gain power over an innocent person.When one is in possession of a gun, that person has complete control of their actions and may act upon the weapon however the person may please even if they know that their action will cause harm to defense-less people. There are many deaths caused by guns out there that could have been stopped by controlling the ownership of guns in our people. Alen Eppers ones said: â€Å"Dangerous laws created by well-intentioned people today, can be used by dangerous people with evil intentions tomorrow†. I und erstand that there may be different points of view to everything from everyone.This quote could be interpreted in two different ways but the way I see it is in favor of gun control. The well-intentioned people are the people out there trying to allow others to own a gun in order to use it as a self-defense tool, while the â€Å"people with evil intentions† are the criminals out there that use guns for the reason that they were constructed for: to kill. If the â€Å"well intentioned people† were to go against gun control and ban gun control, this law would make gun to be acquired easier to EVERYONE!Whenever a criminal decides that he/she wants to assault a random person in the streets, that person will be able to do so. Once the gun control is taken away, the violence will increase. People will be able to walk around the streets with guns so that whenever there is a fight, someone will die or get fatally hurt. Fights are not a â€Å"once in a while† thing. I know this. I witness this; I know that fight go on several times a week. Students fight for the smallest things. Middle and high school students are mature enough to control their actions and feeling. Teens are not â€Å"strong† enough.I always tell my sister that if she is not strong enough to control herself, she will never be strong enough to control others and will resort to the easiest ways to â€Å"eliminate† that person. She will do whatever is easier to get that stone out of her way rather than talking things over and controlling the situation. Not so long ago my neighbor’s daughter was killed by her ex. I am positive that this could have been stopped. I do not know how the man obtained the gun, but I am sure it was through an illegal way. He is not a policeman, he worked at a supermarket. He does not live in a violent area.He lived in Bergenfield with his girlfriend. The man did go buy a gun a day before because he knew that he wanted to kill his girlfriend . The saddest part is that he killed the girl because she wanted to break up with him. This is what we want for our country? For people to kill their former boyfriends/girlfriends because that person ended the relationship. This tragedy could have not been stopped by the girl having a gun with her. In fact, she might have had to face years of prison for murder and carrying a gun without a license. Sure, gun control will not eliminate violence or completely prevent criminals from obtaining guns.Criminals have their ways to go around the law but by having gun control the murders and assaults with gun will lessen. I know that everyone has rights but the 2nd amendment is misinterpreted. We are not in war with England anymore and do not need a militia, that is why we have a well-trained army. That right to bear arms does not mean everyone must have a gun. Yes, we have the right to bear arms, but only when needed. Everyone has â€Å"inalienable rights† and this girl had the right t o live, which was taken away by simply pulling a trigger. Death should be natural.Nobody has the right to take away someone else’s life. Lastly, if cars need licenses, then why are we against licenses for guns? A stirring wheel on hands of a drunken person is dangerous, but a gun in hands of a criminal is not? Cars could be dangerous, but in case of someone speeding too much, that person cans low down and save his/her life and the lives of others in, behind, in front and besides the car. This is not the same with guns. Once the triggered is pulled, one can’t slow down the bullet and decide that it should not kill the person. One cannot call the bullet back!Once the bullet is out, either the shot misses or it hits its aim. Why must one need a license to drive a car but not to be in possession of a gun? Let me ask you a question, what are licenses for? Who are they given to? Licenses are to protect others and keep them safe. These licenses are only given to those who are responsible enough to handle that specific object or matter. Licenses to be doctors are not given to fisherman and driving licenses are not given to people who cannot drive or who are blind. So why shouldn’t licenses be a requirement to own a gun?Aren’t they equally or more important to protect the safety that everyone yearns for? In conclusion, gun control can is very important for our security. Nobody wants teens with guns. Nobody wants mentally disabled people with guns. I am perfectly sure that not one person would want a gun to be given to a person with anger issues. Tragedies and unnecessary deaths could be prevented if there was a law approving gun control that was restricted to responsible, mentally and psychologically prepared people for the adequate usage of a firearm.