Socrates - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates Philosophy EssayPlato Plato WHEN Socrates was cardinal years old, Plato, then a youth of twenty, came to him as a pupil. When Plato was sixty years old, the seventeen-year-old Aristotle presented himself, joining the Teachers group of Friends, as the members of the Academy called themselves. Aristotle was a youth of gentle birth and breeding, his father occupying the position of physician to King Philip of Macedon. Possessed of a strong character, a penetrating intellect, apparent sincerity, but great personal ambition. tags Plato Philosophy Philosophers Essays 3776 spoken language (10.8 pages) $19. 95 previewPlato Plato Plato was born to an aristocratic family in Athens, Greece. When he was a child his father, Ariston, who was believed to be descended from the early kings of Athens died, and his mother, Perictione married Pyrilampes. As a young man Plato was always interested in political leadership and ultimately became a disciple of Socrates. He followed his ph ilosophy and his dialectical style, which is believed to be the search for truth through questions, answers, and additional questions.After witnessing the death of Socrates at the hands of the Athenian democracy in 399 B. C. , Plato left Athens and continued to travel to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. tags Biography Biographies Plato Philosophers Essays 4 Works Cited 1 Sources Cited 1795 words (5. 1 pages) $29. 95 preview confusion And Plato Confusion Confusion plagues everyone in the innovation. Daily people are subject to struggles that involve them being confused and allow them to not fully take in what the world has to offer.Confusion simply put is the impaired orientation with respect to time, place, or person a disturbed mental state. With that said it is evident that many things a susceptible to confusion, and being confused. When reading Plato one cannot help to be confused, some confused on the general meaning others confused on the actual wording. tags Plato 911 words (2. 6 pages) FREE Essays view Platos Criticism of Democracy Platos Criticism of Democracy Do not be angry with me for speaking the truth no man pass on survive who genuinely opposes you or any other crowd and prevents the occurrence of many unjust and illegal happenings in the city.A man who really fights for judge must lead a private, not a public, life if he is to survive for even a short time. (Apology 31e-32a) These are the words of Socrates, who spoke originally the Athenian jury in the trial that would, ultimately, condemn him to his death. Through works such as the Apology and The Republic, we can see Platos distaste of the conception of democracy. tags Plato.

Inform Speech Outline Essay Example for Free

Inform Speech Outline EssayGeneral purpose To averSpecific Purpose To inform my audience about the goods of mangosteen Central Idea mangosteen tree is a tropical evergreen tree that bears fragrant harvest-home with a sweet, creamy, citrus-like flavor that has many benefits in our life such as for medical purpose, for health purpose and in addition for beauty purpose.IntroductionSee more(prenominal) 5 paragraph essay format I. Mangosteen is one of the most popular tropical fruits, which is mainly in humid, hot climates. II. Mangosteen is a little(a) evergreen tree, found in the Pacific Islands, Africa and Southeast Asia such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. III. Mangosteen is recognized by other names such as genus Garcinia Mangostana L, Manggis, Mangosteen or Mangis. IV. Today I would like to inform you about the benefits of mangosteen in our life such as for medical purpose, for health purpose, and also for beauty purpose.(Transition Now, I have perfect with the introduction of mangosteen. lets start with the first benefit of mangosteen.)I. The first benefits of mangosteen is for medical purpose. A. Mangosteen fruits are fighting cancer and heart disease. 1. According to the American cancer society, in lab studies mangosteen has slowed down the growth of certain cancer cells. 2. Mangosteen is a strong source of antioxidants and anti-accidents have shown to protect against cancer and heart disease. 3. Lab tests have shown that mangosteen fruit can kill same bacteria and fungi. B. Mangosteen can use for nutritions food.1. This fruit is very low in calories and contains no saturated fats or cholesterol. 2. Mangosteen also has vitamin c for helps the body develop enemy against flu. C. Mangosteen also can use for medicinal value.1. The leaf of mangosteen can use for infusion to cure wounds. 2. The rind of mangosteen also can employ cure for diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal catarrh and skin infections.(Transition okay, l has finished about the first benefits of mangosteen. Lets go to the second benefit of mangosteen.)II. The second benefit of mangosteen is for health purpose. D. It is wise to drink mangosteen succus to get its health benefits. 1. Our body can adsorb mangosteen in a juice from quicker rather than consuming fresh or dried. E. Drinking mangosteen juice regularly also primary(prenominal) for our life. 1. Mangosteen juice is made by pulping the whole fruit, which strains it and then pasteurizes the juice because most of the health benefit are available in its hull or rind. 2. In fact, preliminary research has indicated that mangosteen juice can help some ailments, such as fatigue, depression, pain, anxiety and other problem.(Transition Now I have finished about the second benefits of mangosteen. Lets go to the last benefit of mangosteen.)III. The last benefit of mangosteen is for beauty purpose. F. The aim of an antioxidant in mangosteen.1. Antioxidants is to fight against the free radica ls that cause cellular aggrieve and that have been implicated in the development of heart disease and cancer. G. Antioxidants can use to repair damage to our own cells. 3. Antioxidants are one of the most important substances in foods for our lives 4. Antioxidants are natures anti-aging medicine that can help prevent cancer, heart disease and countless other illnesses.(Transition Okey, I have finished about of the all benefits of mangosteen. Lets go to the conclusion for today.)ConclusionI. As we have seen, mangosteen has many benefits for the our live. II. Therefore, there have many benefits and function that can use for protecting many diseases in our live. III. Lastly, I hope of the all audiences can understand now what the benefit of mangosteen and like to tire mangosteen in our live.ReferencesMangostana, G. (2006). Practical Manual No. 9 Mangosteen. Southampton Southampton Centre for Underutillised Crops.Tannis, A. (2009). Feed Tour Skin Starve Your Wrinkles Eat Your Way to F irmer, More fine-looking Skin with the 100 Best Anti-Aging Foods. Beverly Quayside Publishing Group.Lucas, S. E. (2009). The Art of Public Speaking Tenth Edition. New York McGraw-Hill.

Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention

Epidemiology in Disease Control and PreventionThe purpose of this news post is to briefly review the concepts of epidemiology in illness control and prevention. I will also define and apply the ecoscoial epidemiology paradigm to obesity in my confederation. Epidemiology centre many things, but largely, it is the study of the health lieu in our community of interests as determined by statistical instruction, probability and research (Nies McEwen, 2015). Community health nurses use the concepts of epidemiology any time the nurse conducts, collects or analyzes selective information regarding diseases in the community, or uses data to help identify at risk groups in the community (Nies McEwen, 2015).Our reading this week discussed a variety of epidemiological models, methods and approaches. The data collected through epidemiology can identify diseases and infections, and trace these illnesses down to a single cause. In order to identify and resolve illness, the epidemiologist mu st first identify the problem, detect possible causes of the disease and the disease itself determine how the illness is spread and finally, classify how mickle in the community become susceptible to the disease (Nies McEwen, 2015, p. 70-72 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2016).Ecosocial epidemiology is a newer concept and describes diseases from a macro-level meaning the health and disease status for a community rather than illness in just one patient (Nies McEwen, 2015). An example of ecosocial epidemiology approach would be to discuss obesity in our community. In 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) labeled obesity as a chronic disease the WHO described obesity as an epidemic and reported that half-a-billion heap in the world obese(Stoner Cornwall, 2014). obesity may be caused by numerous factors, including genetics, socioeconomic status or lack of education on healthy eating. Obesity is typically accompanied by other comorbid conditions such as diabe tes mellitus type II, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The cost of healthcare for obese individuals is typically more than a non-obese person. The hush-hush practice office I work in sees a fair amount of patients whose symptoms can be attributed to obesity secondary to poor dieting and income level.A community health nurse can examine obesity in the community from a macro-level perspective. As mentioned above, obesity can be connected to a persons socioeconomic meaning the dismount a persons income or education level, the more at risk that person is for obesity (Bielemann, Santos Motta, Minten, Horta, Gigante, 2014). Individuals with lower income are more promising to consume cheaper, convenient foods with large portion sizes (i.e., fast food, frozen dinners, boxed meals, chips, etc). These food items are readily accessible and are typically higher in calories, sodium, fat and sugars. The larger portion sizes can be seen as more value for the dollar. Another study show ed that even with the application of food health labels, lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to purchase these unhealthy foods and reported that food labels can be seen as unclear and confusing (Hankey, 2015). A community health nurse can collect and analyze data from the community through surveys, questionnaires or interviews and compare the number of obese patients to their socioeconomic, education level and comorbid conditions. This data can be used to provide interventions and education to this at risk population.In conclusion, epidemiology is the study of health and disease of the entire community, and not one person. Ecosocial epidemiology looks at health and disease from a macro level and can incorporate multiple factors that may attribute to an illness. Obesity in our community can be viewed from a macro-level, secondary to the multiple risk factors, including socioeconomic status, education and existing medical conditions. Understanding epidemiology is important to c ommunity health nursing as this information can assist the nurse in focusing on disease prevention and education for at risk populations.ReferencesBielemann, R. M., Santos Motta, J. V., Minten, G. C., Horta, B. L., Gigante, D. P. (2014). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and their impact on the diet of young adults. Revista de Sade Pblica, 49, 1-10. http//dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005572Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Public health series 101 Introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from https//www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/epidemiology.htmlHankey, C. (2015). Food and catering modifications for public health chronic disease and obesity prevention. Medicine, 43(2), 135-138. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MPMED.2014.11.004Nies, M. A., McEwen, M. (2015). Community public health nursing (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO Elsevier Saunders.Stoner, L., Cornwall, J. (2014). Did the American Medical Association make the correct decision classifying obesity as a disease? Australasian Medical Journal, 7(11), 462-464. http//dx.doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2014.2281

Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policy

Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign PolicyAn encyclopedia on Franklin D. Roosevelts Foreign Policy. elective Politician, Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), started his presidential life as the 32nd President of the United States on Nov 8, 1932. He would go on to serve four terms as President and would introduce let on Government programs such as The newborn Deal and Social Security. Prior to his presidency, he was the governor of New York from 1929 to 1932, an Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920 and Member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.Before the election of Roosevelt, the United States of Americas isolationist foreign policy -under the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928 -forbade war as a tool to resolve conflicts it as well forbade the distrisolelyion of arms and munitions and implements or other articles for use in war to any country which the President state was a violator of the Kellogg Pact -this promise was signed by Germany, France, the U.S. and many more.1In contrast to Roosevelts victories was his unfortunate choice for the U.S. ambassadorship to Germany (William E. Dodd) on August 30, 19332. Dodd, who did not possess the finesse it took to be a diplomatist and knew little about American inter terra firmaal policy or European problems, did not speak German well, and spoke too harshly and impulsively of the national socialist movement in the pre-war years he was also described as a babe-in-the-woods in the dark forests of Berlin,3 -his appointment is considered as one of Roosevelts biggest political mistakes. by and bywards the League of Nations reticence to handle the second Italo-Ethiopian war, Roosevelt, on August the 1st of 1935, urged Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy, to accept arbitration on the conflict and maintain public security -this declaration was meet with appreciation by Ethiopias Emperor, Haile Selassie, however, the U.S. was very careful not to intervene in the matter.4 Moreover, In January of 1936, Roosevelt, in response to the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles not being resolved by the League of Nations, said wicked dictators -referring to Germany, Italy and France -have impatiently reverted to the old belief in the law of the sword, or to the fantastic conception that they, and they alone, are chosen to fulfill a missionI recognize that these words which I have chosen with deliberation will not prove popular in any nation that chooses to fit this shoe to its foot.5 This speech strained the already sensitive relationship between the U.S. and Japan.6 Upon hearing this, Japanese diplomat and future Japanese Prime Minister, Kki Hirota, said that Americans spoke like they possessed a mandate from God.7 This sentiment by Hirota was also strengthened because the Roosevelt Administration did not possess the identical fear about communism that the Japanese had about a communist Soviet Union.8Still clinging to neutrality in European matters, on January the 3rd, 1936, he chide d the self-assertive spirit of Italy directly and stated earlier that they lacked the finer instincts of world justice.9 This statement by Roosevelt was met with fury by numerous Italian editors who stated that Mussolini had delayed transaction in vain for many years and wanted a just allocation of colonial territory.10After the German invasion of Poland on September the 1st, 1939, Roosevelt was more inclined to an isolationist strategy that would keep the U.S. out of the European conflicts -the U.S. declared its neutrality on December 5th, 1939.11 Just four days before the U.S. declared its neutrality, Roosevelt appealed to Finland and the Soviet Union to stop cruelly bombing civilians in defenseless cities/locations during their conflicts.12 Following the invasion of Poland, Roosevelts foreign policy placed an emphasis on withhold the U.S. from European war while trying to ensure the downfall of Hitlers administration this approach proved to be popular among Americans who prefe rred to show solidarity to their European allies, but remain removed from the battles.13 This conflict would later become known as domain of a function contend II.With the war raging, Roosevelt still upheld his foreign policy of neutrality, but he also reproached the Italian government. In his popularized Stab in the Back Speech on June 10, 1940, he stated, The people and the Government of the United States have seen with the utmost grief and with grave disquiet the decision of the Italian Government to engage in the hostilities now raging in Europe.14 During this neutrality, Roosevelt campaigned under the banner of noninvolvement for his third term as President, and he won with 54.7% of the popular vote.15 The United States neutrality would soon come to an end after the Japanese bombed the United States naval base in gather Harbor on December 7th, 1941, and due to this attack, On the evening of December 7, 1941, following the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines , FDR dictated the war message that he read to Congress the next day.16 Roosevelt also signed Executive order 9066 which imprisoned numerous Japanese-Americans living in the U.S.17 A year after the Pearl Harbor attack, Roosevelts approval rating was at 75% -this was around a 20-point increase from his rating in 1938 (57%), additionally, Roosevelts policies did not noticeably help the Democratic Partys identification figures because identification figures stood around 50% in the late 30s and were back up to 50% in 1945.18 During the battles of WWII, key events such as the Normandy Landings (D-Day) -in which almost 3 million Allied soldiers landed on the northern coasts of France on June 6th, 1944 -helped turn conception War II into a victory for the U.S. and the Allied Powers.19On November the 7th, 1944, Roosevelt won the presidential election for the fourth time with 53.4% of the popular vote,20 and on February the 11th, 1945, Roosevelt met with Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill to discuss the future of post-war Europe.21 On April the 12th, 1945, Roosevelt died from a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Georgia, and his viciousness President, Harry S. Truman, then became president.22Word Count 1061 wordsReferencesBell, M. (2008). Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe. 1st ed. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, pp.138-145.Berinsky, A., Powell, E., Schickler, E. and Yohai, I. (2011). Revisiting existence Opinion in the 1930s and 1940s. PS Political Science Politics, 44(03), pp.515-520.Erdelja, K. (2005). The Second World War. 1st ed. Thessaloniki CDRSEE.Peters, G. and Wolley, J. (2017). Franklin D. Roosevelt Appeal to Russia and Finland to Stop Bombing Civilians. online Presidency.ucsb.edu. Available at http//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pelvic inflammatory disease=15845. Accessed 8 Feb. 2017.Tansill, C. (1952). Back door to war. 1st ed. Chicago Henry Regnery Company.University of Virginia, (2017). Stab in the Back Speech (Ju ne 10, 1940)-Miller Center. online Millercenter.org. Available at http//millercenter.org/president/fdroosevelt/speeches/speech-3317 Accessed 8 Feb. 2017.BibliographyErbelding, R. (2016). FDR4Freedoms The Life, Times, and passel of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Journal of American History, online 103(3), pp.1-9. Available at http//fdr4freedoms.org/wp-content/themes/fdf4fdr/DownloadablePDFs/II_HopeRecoveryReform/12_FranklinDRooseveltNewYorker.pdf Accessed 5 Feb. 2017.1 Tansill, C. (1952). Back door to war. 1st ed. Chicago Henry Regnery Company, 218.2 Ibid, 46.3 Ibid, 46.4 Ibid, 148.5 Ibid, 152.6 Tansill, Back door to war, 152.7 Ibid, 152.8 Ibid, 130.9 Ibid, 244-245.10 Ibid, 245.11 Bell, M. (2008). Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe. 1st ed. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, pp.138.12 Peters, G. and Wolley, J. (2017). Franklin D. Roosevelt Appeal to Russia and Finland to Stop Bombing Civilians. online Presidency.ucsb.edu. Available at http//www.presidency.uc sb.edu/ws/?pid=15845. Accessed 8 Feb. 2017.13 Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, 138.14 University of Virginia, (2017). Stab in the Back Speech (June 10, 1940)-Miller Center. online Millercenter.org. Available at http//millercenter.org/president/fdroosevelt/speeches/speech-3317 Accessed 8 Feb. 2017.15 Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, pp. 139.16 Ibid, 143.17 Bell, Reappraising FDRs Approach to World War II in Europe, 144.18 Berinsky, A., Powell, E., Schickler, E. and Yohai, I. (2011). Revisiting Public Opinion in the 1930s and 1940s. PS Political Science Politics, 44(03), pp.518.19 Erdelja, K. (2005). The Second World War. 1st ed. Thessaloniki CDRSEE, 25.20 Ibid, 27.21 Ibid,27.22 Ibid, 28.

Legal and ethical issues of discrimination

Legal and ethical issues of disagreementIn an effort to curtail discrimination, implementing late strategies and proposing these new hiring practices are vital. It is non a good ethical policy for employees to be able to screen and pick and choose who gets to be interviewed, as in this case. ships company hiring practices if d ane with good judgment and a strong moral and ethically correct agenda, can benefit the organization as a whole. Furthermore, discrimination in the workplace is disruptive and harmful to the effects on business operations and its culture, whether in the present or the aside. By getting rid of old over-the-hill policy and allowing for more diverse inter action with employees, we can create a multi-cultural environment. Also reciprocating this is the fact that managed correctly, the atmosphere will cause increases in retention grade and reduce turnover. Because our time was put into defining specific goals of the organization, that essential to be met to receive consideration for employment. Therefore, this organization needs a more efficient mood to determine the necessary steps in the hiring procedure. The current process of hiring prospective employees is based on a biased view that too overmuch motley is a bad thing. New employee assessments are needed to help predict whether potential pursues are motivated by the factors associated with a particular job. It is true that companies father to be cautious and should be concerned about negligent hiring further out mature discrimination is an undesirable practice. Making sound hiring decisions and performing detailed ground checks on qualified potential employees can decrease employment risks later caused by premature termination. (Berris, 2009) This company is small but can benefit from forming a streamline, non-negligent hiring process, by setting up a structured, non-discriminatory process for existing and new hires. Negligent hiring means the company can be put into legal disconcert if it could have foreseen a potential issue but acts negligently by not doing a thorough check of the new employee, before hiring. This company had a tendency to overlook steps to reduce the likelihood of a hiring mistake. This company looks past a lot of qualified employees due to its biased hiring practices and may hire problem employees unknowingly. This potential failure is heightened because management chooses to hire bump off of appearance and fails to accurately assess a potential employees way of thinking and handling situations or their particular skill needed for the job. Quality, knowledge and skill sets need to be the reason for hiring/not hiring someone, not their appearance and this is how you decide who to hire. (Aly Shields, 2010)When individuals are discriminated against because of defining characteristics such(prenominal) as their race, gender or age, this is some of the most blatant forms of discrimination. Personally, I believe the most qualified pe rson should receive the job, watchless of race, ethnicity. If discrimination does not exist, it certainly has a solid historical foundation for its existence. As evidenced in this scenario, a potential employee is shut out of the hiring process, based solely on his ethnicity. When employers violate workplace discrimination laws, legally they can be sued by the person or persons and receive bad publicity and other consequences. Discrimination occurs when an employee suffers from unfair treatment due to their race, religion, national origin. Proving discrimination is difficult as is can occur in a number of work-related areas, during your initial hiring phase, during training or horizontal after you get the job and have to participate in job evaluations. According to Smith, unfair treatment does not necessarily equal unlawful discrimination, treating a person differently from others violates Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws only when the treatment is based on the presence of a protected section under discrimination, sooner than on the job performance. As far as ethnicity goes, Americans come in every colour shape and size and a successful business is one that understands its customers and knows how to meet their needs. (2010) The more diverse an organization is, the more likely it becomes a center piece of the community.Affirmative action helps to cut down on discrimination, past and present, but it is not a complete solution. The objective of its policies include the elimination of hiring and advancement discrimination ensuring multicultural employment and to achieve a diverse and much more representative workforce. The results guide a prospective manager about how best to motivate, manage and develop potential employees in a new role. It has helped but the effort to increase the number of minorities in upper management and leadership roles in educational institutions is still a struggle and needs to continue. Needless to posit there is a long histor y of racism and discrimination against blacks and minorities, which went unnoticed. Where was the need to strive for equality then as it is now? The evidence of all types of discrimination against minorities led to a decisive need for action, ethics and morals were the same then as they are now. Ethics are the societal application of what is right and wrong while morals are an individuals belief of what is right and wrong. Is one to say that the U.S lacked morals and good ethical practices and this is why the need for affirmative action gave rise? Morals are instilled in every man woman and child, it is a sense of what is right and wrong and good ethical behavior builds off of good morals. There is no doubt that affirmative action has helped with the vast gap between blacks and whites in areas such as education, employment. Those that do not parcel positive views on affirmative action will state that it is discrimination to harbor or give away special considerations and benefits on the foundation that quite a little have certain characteristics. Affirmative action programs that benefit minorities have been under attack in the halls of Congress and scrutinized for reverse racism against the whites. This is a valid list but how can one ignore the imbalance of societal benefits that are obviously lacked by minorities. (Devata Kappelman 2010) Ethically this is thesible but morally this argument should have never existed. For years the morality of America went unquestioned in the treatment of minorities, years beyond slavery and what individual or group has a right or an ethic ground to stand against affirmative action. Legally government has tried to mandate it and courts have tried to uphold its presence but to no avail. once more I ask where the outrage was when affirmative action was white. The opposition to affirmative action argues that the foundation that the U.S is built upon requires that government treats all of its citizens as individual persons with out regard to their ethical status, and again I ask where this creed was during slavery and years after. This is truly a divisive issue and one cannot employ the constitution when needed and dismiss it when not.

Spiritual Insights in Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe :: Robinson Crusoe Essays

Crusoes Spiritual Insights   Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is considered to be the first novel of incident. Before I read the novel I knew something about poor Robinson Crusoe--shipwrecked on a desert island, lived on the island for a lot of years, and acquired a friend by the name of Friday. As I began to read, I had the preconceived nonion that Robinson Crusoe was retri notwithstandingive an adventure book. However, I read no more than a few pages before my heed was greatly enlightened. Robinson Crusoe does not suffer just one shipwreck, but two of them. He is captured by Moorish pirates, escapes, and goes to Brazil to become a planter. After his second shipwreck, Crusoe gives details about his techniques for survival. Also, the ending of the novel is quite strike with a setting that is quite a contrast to the desert island. Arguably, one of the funniest scenes in all of literature is recorded in the final chapters.     If the book is not holding the reader s attention because of the suspense, then it is held by the profound spiritual insight that Defoe includes within the pages of his work. This was the biggest surprise to me of all. For example, in chapter 12, Robinson Crusoe responsibilitys "From this moment I began to conclude in my mind that it is possible for me to be more happy in this forsaken solitary condition, that it was probable I should ever have been in any other particular state in the world, and with this thought I was going to give thanks to God for bringing me to this place." Crusoe was convinced that the reason for all of his calamities was the result of his disobeying the counsel of his father. The theological discussions with Friday be wonderful. Indeed, each Christian can relate to Crusoes wrestling with faith and fear. I finished the book with the conclusion that this book should be standard reading for every Christian, particularly preachers. Preachers will find a wealth of sermon illustrations in Ro binson Crusoe.     So, why is Robinson Crusoe so sadly neglected among Christians when it is obvious that the book is a Christian classic?  No doubt, abridged versions of the novel removes the incentive for readers to read the actual work. Many people have read a childrens version of the novel or worst yet, they "have seen the movie.

My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor Essay

My aim is to produce a nisus follower zombie with a bump sensorwhich can reverse if it goes out course. inquiry Line follower robots are most commonly produced totake part in competitions. The purpose of the eminence follower robot isto follow a line. The robot will only follow a line that is glumagainst a white background or a white line against a black background.This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in strike and so the robot can trace and follow the line. From my researchI have decided to use infrared LED emitters (phototransistors). Theyare fairly cheap but work relatively salutary.To research into the project I was dismission to make I looked on theinternet to find other examples of the line follower robots. I foundmany different variations and concentrated on the components used. Ilooked into books and gathered information on how to assemble thecircuit on the breadboard and researched on how the components work.I have researched on the type of a mplifiers I could use for the linefollower. I will use an amplifier to increase the current as I amusing low voltage. I looked on the Maplins website (www.maplins.co.uk)and decided to use the LM386 because it is adapted for low voltageapplications and it is relatively cheap.Specification * The robot has to be able to follow straight lines, curves and turn around corners* It has to follow a black line that is against a white background* It must work using one 9V outpouring* The robot must be able to reverse from any hindrance it hits* It should be able to function on its own (No help needed to guide it)* It should be small and light, easy to move and pick up if veered off course.* Should present what direction it will turnGeneration of possible solutionsI could use 2 light dependant resistors to detect the difference inlight reflected from the line. It would react quite slowlyI could use two phototransistors which emit infrared beams onto theline. When less light is detected o n the phototransistors there isless exemption thus allowing the motors to move.Sub-system developmentMy circuit had two designs combined. First is the line follower, whichdetects light and moves according to the line, and the other part is abump sensor which when it stumbles across an obstacle it reverses,this is ... ...llowed the light. I also used an ammeter to check the currentpassing through the circuit. This confirmed that my circuit wasworking correctly. When I covered the phototransistors the there wasaround 0.4 A passing through. However, when I applied light onto thephototransistors (using an ordinary LED) I noticed that the reading onthe ammeter was 8.6 A. this proves my theory that covering thephototransistors, it increases the resistance.Evaluation My circuit works well and follows my specification.The motors move forward when light is placed and it and slow down whenno light is present on the phototransistors.* Robot has the ability to move in s straight line, around curves and turn corners.* With the photo transistors it can follow a black line against a white background.* It works using a 9V battery* It has a relay which reverses the direction of the motors turning so it can move away from obstacles* It doesnt require anyone to move it or guide it using a remote control.* It is light and easy to move so when it goes of course I am able to put it back on the line* Has two LEDs which indicate what direction it is turning